Simlipal National Park: Where Nature Roars
- Location: Mayurbhanj district, Odisha, India
- Area: A sprawling 2,750 square kilometers, making it the largest wildlife sanctuary in Odisha.
- Claim to fame: Home to India’s largest tiger population, Simlipal boasts lush sal forests, cascading waterfalls, and diverse wildlife.
- Ecosystem: A mosaic of hills, valleys, meadows, and rivers, interspersed with patches of dry deciduous and tropical moist evergreen forests.
- Wildlife: Keep your camera ready, for Simlipal is a haven for over 400 species of birds, including hornbills, peacocks, and migratory ducks. Among the mammals, the majestic Bengal tiger reigns supreme, along with leopards, sloth bears, elephants, and langurs.
- Activities: Jeep safaris, elephant rides, trekking, bird watching, and camping
Key facts:
- Simlipal is part of the Simlipal-Kuldiha-Hadgarh Elephant Reserve, one of the largest elephant reserves in the country.
- The park is home to over 200 tribal communities who have lived in harmony with nature for centuries.
- Simlipal is a designated UNESCO World Heritage Site, recognized for its outstanding biodiversity and cultural significance.
History
Simlipal National Park, once a hunting ground for royalty, has come a long way to become a crucial wildlife sanctuary. Here’s a timeline of its transformation:
- 1956: Formally designated a tiger reserve.
- 1973: Included under Project Tiger, a national initiative to protect tiger populations.
- 1979: “Mugger Crocodile Scheme” launched at Ramatirtha, Jashipur, focusing on conserving this endangered species.
- 1979: Declared a wildlife sanctuary by the Odisha government, encompassing a vast 2,200 sq. km.
- 1980: Upgraded to a National Park status by the Government of India, recognizing its exceptional biodiversity and ecological value.
- 1986: Park area expanded to 845.70 sq. km, reflecting its growing importance and conservation needs.
- 1994: Earned the prestigious status of a biosphere reserve by UNESCO, acknowledging its global significance.
Simlipal’s Uniqueness:
Simlipal boasts a unique human-wildlife interface. While over 10,000 people reside in 61 villages within the forest, relocation efforts are underway to balance conservation with the needs of the communities.
Relocation of Core Villages:
- December 2013: 32 Khadia tribal families from two hamlets were relocated outside the Tiger Reserve, following National Tiger Conservation Authority guidelines.
- September 2015: Relocation of Jamunagarh village.
- Increased tiger sightings in the core area post-relocation.
Current Standoff:
Two villages, Kabatghai and Bakua, remain within the core area. While the Forest Department, wildlife NGOs, and local administration are in talks with them regarding relocation, the tribals claim these moves to be forced and seek their rights under the Forest Rights Act.
Simlipal’s story is one of ongoing transformation, marked by conservation efforts, community challenges, and the hope of finding a sustainable balance for all inhabitants.
Flora
Simlipal National Park is a botanical paradise, harboring an astounding 1076 species of plants belonging to 102 families. This rich tapestry of greenery encompasses a fascinating mix of:
- Tropical moist deciduous forests: These dominate the park, boasting towering Sal trees (Shorea robusta) as their stars.
- Dry deciduous hill forests: These clothe the lower slopes, characterized by sturdy trees like Kusum (Schleichera oleosa) and Piasal (Pterocarpus marsupium).
- Tropical semi-evergreen forests: Found in pockets with suitable moisture, these are home to a diverse range of trees, including the majestic Sidha (Lagerstroemia parviflora) and Jamun (Syzygium cumini).
- Sprawling meadows: These vibrant carpets of grass provide grazing grounds for herbivores and a canvas for wildflowers to bloom during the monsoon.
- Sal forests: These high-altitude forests are a specialty of Simlipal, carpeted with fallen Sal leaves that decompose to create a unique and fertile ecosystem.
Botanical Highlights:
- Orchids: Simlipal is an orchid lover’s dream, with 94 species identified, including three endemic ones. The park’s moist forests are the perfect habitat for these delicate beauties.
- Medicinal plants: Over 300 species of medicinal plants thrive in Simlipal, used by local communities for centuries for treating various ailments.
- Endangered flora: Simlipal is a guardian of 52 rare and endangered plant species, including the magnificent Padmalata (Adenia bonariensis) and the critically endangered Venus Flytrap (Dionaea muscipula).
- Unique bamboo species: Simlipal boasts 14 different bamboo species, each with its own ecological significance and traditional uses.
A Symphony of Seasons:
Simlipal’s flora isn’t static; it’s a dynamic display that changes with the seasons:
- Spring (February-April): The forest bursts into life with vibrant blooms of Palash (Butea monosperma), Kusum, and Kadam (Mitragyna parvifolia).
- Summer (May-June): The greens deepen, and wild mangoes and jackfruits ripen, attracting birds and animals.
- Monsoon (July-September): Lush greenery carpets the landscape, with wildflowers adding splashes of color. Medicinal plants like Sarpagandha (Rauwolfia serpentina) flourish during this time.
- Winter (October-January): The Sal trees shed their golden leaves, creating a mesmerizing carpet on the forest floor.
Simlipal’s flora isn’t just a collection of plants; it’s the lifeblood of the park’s ecosystem, providing food, shelter, and medicine for its diverse inhabitants. It’s a testament to the park’s remarkable ability to nurture and sustain a vibrant tapestry of life.
Fauna
Simlipal National Park is home to a rich diversity of wildlife, encompassing 42 mammal species, 242 bird species, and 30 reptile species. Among the prominent mammals are the
- tiger
- leopard
- Asian elephant
- sambar
- barking deer
- gaur
- jungle cat
- wild boar
- chausingha (four-horned antelope)
- giant squirrel
- common langur
The park provides habitat for 231 bird species, featuring the
- Red junglefowl
- hill mynah
- peafowl
- Alexandrine parakeet
- crested serpent eagle
Additionally, residents of the reserve include the
- grey hornbill
- Indian pied hornbill
- Malabar pied hornbill
- Indian trogon
Simlipal National Park also hosts a substantial reptile population, including snakes and turtles. Notably, the survival and flourishing of the Mugger crocodile (Crocodylus palustris) along the Khairi river banks have been facilitated by the “Mugger Crocodile Management Programme
Attractions & Things to do
Wildlife spotting:
- Jungle safaris: Hop on a jeep and go on an adventure through the dense forests of Simlipal. You might spot tigers,leopards, elephants, deer, and a variety of other animals.
- Birdwatching: With over 242 species of birds,Simlipal is a paradise for birdwatchers. Keep an eye out for colorful peacocks, hornbills, eagles, and more.
- Trekking: Hike through the scenic trails of Simlipal and enjoy the lush greenery, waterfalls, and wildlife. Some popular trails include Barhepani-Joranda trek, Barehipani-Chahala trek, and Gudugudia trek.
Waterfalls:
- Deokund Waterfall: This hidden gem is a series of waterfalls cascading down into a crystal-clear pool. It’s a refreshing spot to take a dip and soak in the natural beauty.
- Uski Waterfall: This 30-meter waterfall surrounded by dense forests is a popular spot for picnics and swimming.
- Joranda Waterfall: This cascading waterfall is surrounded by rocks and offers stunning views of the surrounding valleys.
Other attractions:
- Simlipal Tiger Reserve: This reserve is home to a significant tiger population and is a great place to learn about conservation efforts.
- Barehipani Sanctuary: This sanctuary is home to a variety of wildlife, including elephants, sloth bears, and gaur.
- Panchgarh Metal Bridge: This bridge offers panoramic views of the Simlipal landscape.
- Khiching Temple: This ancient Shiva temple is located on the banks of the Khandadhar River and is a popular pilgrimage site.
Temples: There are several ancient temples located within the park, including the Joranda Temple and the Chhotanagpur Temple. These temples are not only religious sites but also offer historical and architectural significance.
Camping: Camping under the stars is a truly unforgettable experience in Simlipal. There are several designated camping areas within the park, where you can pitch your tent and enjoy the peace and quiet of the natural surroundings.
Night safaris: Night safaris offer a unique opportunity to see nocturnal animals such as owls, leopards, and sloth bears.
Stargazing: Simlipal is far from light pollution, making it an ideal place for targazing. On a clear night, you can see thousands of stars, planets, and even the Milky Way.
Tribal villages: Simlipal is home to several tribal communities,including the Juang, Kharia, and Mankri. Visiting a tribal village is a great way to learn about their culture and way of life. You can also purchase traditional handicrafts and souvenirs.
Things to do:
- Nature photography: Capture the beauty of Simlipal’s flora and fauna with your camera.
- Camping: Spend a night under the stars in the heart of the forest.
- Fishing: Try your luck at catching a Mahseer fish in the park’s rivers.
- Picnicking: Enjoy a meal surrounded by nature at one of the many scenic spots in the park.
Tips:
- The best time to visit Simlipal is during the winter months (October to March) when the weather is pleasant, and the wildlife is most active.
- Book your safaris and accommodations in advance, especially during peak season.
- Be respectful of the wildlife and the environment.
- Carry enough food and water, as there are limited options available inside the park.
- Hire a guide if you’re not familiar with the area.
Best Time To Visit
The best time to visit Simlipal National Park depends on what you want to see and do. Here’s a breakdown of the different seasons and what they offer:
Winter (November – March)
- Pleasant weather: The temperature is mild, ranging from 14°C to 25°C, making it ideal for outdoor activities.
- Wildlife viewing: This is the best time to see tigers, leopards, and other mammals, as they are more active in the cooler weather.
- Birdwatching: Many migratory birds arrive in the park during this time, making it a great time for birdwatchers.
- Festivals: Several tribal festivals are held during this season, offering a glimpse into the local culture.
Summer (March – September)
- Orchid bloom: The park’s orchidarium is a must-see during this time, as hundreds of orchids bloom in a riot of colors.
- Waterfalls: The monsoon rains fill the waterfalls, making them even more spectacular.
- Elephant rides: Elephant rides are only available during this season, offering a unique way to explore the park.
- Fewer crowds: The park is less crowded during this time, so you may have a more intimate wildlife experience.
Monsoon (June – October)
- Lush greenery: The park comes alive with lush green vegetation, making it a photographer’s paradise.
- Scenic landscapes: The monsoon rains create dramatic waterfalls and cloud-kissed hills, offering stunning views.
- Wildlife breeding season: This is the time when many animals give birth, so you may be lucky enough to spot young animals with their mothers.
- Not for everyone: The heavy rains and muddy roads can make travel challenging, so it’s not ideal for everyone.
Ultimately, the best time to visit Simlipal National Park is whenever it best suits your interests and preferences. Consider what you want to see and do, and then choose the season that aligns best with your priorities.
How To Reach
There are several ways to reach Simlipal National Park, depending on your budget and preferred mode of transportation. Here are the most common options:
By Air:
- Nearest airport: Biju Patnaik International Airport (BBI) in Bhubaneswar is the nearest airport to Simlipal, about 230 km away.
- Ground transportation: From Bhubaneswar, you can take a taxi, cab, or bus to reach Simlipal. The journey takes about 5-6 hours.
By Train:
- Nearest railway station: Baripada Railway Station is the nearest major railway station to Simlipal, about 90 km away.
- Train options: Several trains connect Bhubaneswar and Baripada, including the Hirakud Express, the Purshottam Express, and the Nilachal Express.
- Ground transportation: From Baripada, you can hire a taxi, jeep, or shared auto-rickshaw to reach Simlipal. The journey takes about 2-3 hours.
By Road:
- National highways: The park is well-connected by a network of national highways, including NH 16, NH 6, and NH 20.
- Bus: State-run and private buses connect Bhubaneswar and Baripada to various entry points of the park, like Pithabata, Jashipur, and Lulung.
- Private vehicle: Renting a car or hiring a taxi is a convenient option if you want flexibility and independence during your trip.
Important points to remember:
- Permits: You need to obtain a permit to enter the park. Permits can be obtained online or at the park entrance.
- Entry points: The park has multiple entry points, each with its own unique attractions and wildlife sightings. Choose your entry point based on your interests and itinerary.
- Accommodation: Booking your accommodation in advance, especially during peak season, is recommended.
Conclusion
Simlipal National Park is a treasure trove of natural beauty and biodiversity, offering a glimpse into India’s rich wildlife heritage. From its majestic tigers and elephants to its vibrant birdlife and cascading waterfalls, the park is a haven for nature enthusiasts and adventure seekers alike. Whether you’re a seasoned traveler or a first-time visitor, Simlipal promises an unforgettable experience that will leave you with a newfound appreciation for the wonders of the natural world.
Simlipal National Park is a renowned sanctuary, celebrated for its rich biodiversity encompassing a plethora of wildlife. The park boasts a remarkable collection of fauna, featuring majestic creatures such as tigers, elephants, leopards, and sambar deer. The vibrant ecosystem of Simlipal is not limited to land-dwelling animals; it is also a habitat for a diverse array of birds, reptiles, and amphibians.
Recognized as one of India’s largest and most significant tiger reserves, Simlipal National Park stands as a testament to the country’s commitment to wildlife conservation. Beyond its tigers and elephants, the park is a sanctuary for various bird species, adding to its allure as a haven for nature enthusiasts and conservationists alike. With its sprawling landscapes and thriving ecosystems, Simlipal National Park remains a key player in the efforts to preserve and protect India’s natural treasures.
Simlipal National Park is located in the Mayurbhanj district of Odisha, India.
Simlipal National Park is 2,750 square kilometers (1,062 sq mi) in size.
Simlipal National Park was established in 1994.
The best time to visit Simlipal National Park is from November to March, when the weather is pleasant and the wildlife is more active. However, the park is open year-round and can be enjoyed during any season.
The nearest airport to Simlipal National Park is Biju Patnaik International Airport in Bhubaneswar, India. From Bhubaneswar, you can take a taxi or bus to the park. The nearest railway station is Baripada Railway Station, which is about 90 kilometers from the park.
The entry fees for Simlipal National Park are as follows:
- Indians: ₹25 per person
- Foreigners: ₹500 per person
- Children below 5 years: Free
Yes, safari options are available. The park offers both jeep safaris and elephant safaris for visitors to explore its diverse ecosystems and spot wildlife.
There are a variety of accommodation options in Simlipal National Park, including forest rest houses, cottages, and private resorts.
There are many things to do in Simlipal National Park, including:
- Wildlife viewing: Jeep safaris, elephant rides, and nature walks are great ways to see the park’s wildlife.
- Birdwatching: The park is home to over 242 species of birds, making it a paradise for birdwatchers.
- Waterfalls: There are several waterfalls in the park, including Barehipani Falls, Joranda Falls, and Uski Falls.
- Trekking: There are a number of trekking trails in the park, ranging from easy to challenging.
It is important to take precautions when visiting Simlipal National Park, such as:
- Staying on designated trails: Do not venture off the trails, as you may encounter wildlife.
- Not feeding or approaching wildlife: Wildlife can be dangerous, so keep your distance and do not feed them.
- Respecting the park’s rules and regulations: Follow the park’s rules and regulations to help protect the park’s environment.