Bhagwan Mahaveer Sanctuary and Mollem National Park
- Location: Dharbandora taluk, Goa State, along the eastern border with Karnataka, India
- Area: 240 square kilometers (93 sq mi)
- Claim to fame: Located in the Western Ghats, Bhagwan Mahaveer Sanctuary and Mollem National Park is renowned for its rich biodiversity, encompassing lush tropical forests, cascading waterfalls, and a diverse array of flora and fauna.
- Ecosystem: Characterized by a mosaic of evergreen and semi-evergreen forests, interspersed with grasslands, wetlands, and rocky outcrops, the sanctuary harbors a unique ecosystem that supports a wide range of species.
- Wildlife: Home to over 200 species of birds, including hornbills, parakeets, and migratory waterfowl, the sanctuary also boasts an impressive array of mammals, such as tigers, leopards, dholes, elephants, and gaur.
- Activities: Visitors can embark on thrilling jeep safaris, embark on nature walks through the verdant forests, or trek to the summit of Dudhsagar Falls, one of India’s highest waterfalls. Birdwatching, camping, and indulging in local cuisine are also popular activities within the sanctuary.
Key facts:
- Bhagwan Mahaveer Sanctuary and Mollem National Park is part of the Western Ghats World Heritage Site, recognized for its outstanding biodiversity and natural beauty.
- The sanctuary is a vital habitat for several endangered species, including the Indian tiger, the four-horned antelope, and the Malabar giant squirrel.
- The sanctuary plays a crucial role in maintaining the ecological balance of the region, protecting watersheds, and conserving the rich cultural heritage of Goa.
Bhagwan Mahaveer Sanctuary and Mollem National Park is a 240-square-kilometer (93-square-mile) protected area located in the Western Ghats of West India. It is situated in Dharbandora taluk, Goa State, along the eastern border with Karnataka. The area is near the town of Molem, 57 kilometers (35 miles) east of Panaji, the state capital of Goa.
National Highway 4A divides the sanctuary into two parts, and the Mormugao-Londa railway line passes through the area. The sanctuary is located between 15°15’30” to 15°29’30’ N and 74°10’15’ to 74°20’15’ E.
The sanctuary contains several important temples dating to the Kadambas of Goa. It is also home to waterfalls, such as Dudhsagar Falls and Tambdi Falls. The parkland is also home to a community of nomadic buffalo herders known as the Dhangar.
Dudhsagar Falls is one of the tallest waterfalls in India, with a height of 600 meters (1,968 feet). It is located in the Mollem National Park.
Tambdi Falls is another popular waterfall in the sanctuary. It is located near the village of Tambdi Surla.
The Dhangar are a community of nomadic buffalo herders who have lived in the Western Ghats for centuries. They are a traditional community who live in close harmony with nature.
History
The Bhagwan Mahaveer Sanctuary and Mollem National Park, originally established as Mollem Game Sanctuary in 1969, underwent a significant transformation in 1978 when it was elevated to the status of a wildlife sanctuary and renamed. This recognition of its ecological importance was further solidified by the designation of its core area, spanning 107 square kilometers (41 square miles), as Mollem National Park in 1978.
Geographical
Encompassing 240 square kilometers (93 square miles) in the eastern foothills of the Western Ghats, Bhagwan Mahaveer Sanctuary and Mollem National Park form an integral part of Goa’s natural heritage. Nestled within the Dharbandora taluk of Goa State, the sanctuary shares its eastern border with Karnataka.
Latitude and Longitude
The sanctuary lies between 15°15’30” to 15°29’30’ N and 74°10’15’ to 74°20’15’ E.
Flora
The flora of Bhagwan Mahaveer Sanctuary and Mollem National Park is diverse and abundant, with over 2,000 species of plants recorded in the area. The sanctuary is home to a wide range of vegetation, including:
- Evergreen forests are found at higher altitudes and along riverbanks. These forests are dominated by trees such as Terminalia tomentosa, Lagerstroemia parviflora, Xylia xylocarpa, and Dalbergia latifolia.
- Semi-evergreen forests are found at lower altitudes and in sheltered areas. These forests are characterized by a mixture of evergreen and deciduous trees, such as Anogeissus latifolia, Sterculia villosa, Cedrela toona, and Bombax ceiba.
- Moist deciduous forests are found in areas with a dry season. These forests are dominated by trees such as Dipterocarpus indicus, Acacia catechu, Albizia amara, and Pterocarpus marsupium.
The sanctuary is also home to a variety of shrubs, herbs, and ferns. These plants play an important role in the ecosystem, providing food and shelter for wildlife.
The sanctuary’s rich flora is a testament to the region’s biodiversity. The sanctuary’s diverse vegetation provides essential habitat for a variety of wildlife species, including tigers, leopards, elephants, and gaurs.
Fauna
Mammals
The Bhagwan Mahaveer Sanctuary and Mollem National Park are home to a diverse array of wild mammals. Among the notable species recorded in the sanctuary are the leopard, with a particular mention of the black variant. Other mammalian residents include the barking deer, Bengal tiger, bonnet macaque, common langur, civet, flying squirrel, gaur (Indian bison), Malabar giant squirrel, mouse deer, pangolin, porcupine, slender loris, sambar deer, spotted deer, wild boar, and wild dog.
In May 2019, the park made headlines when camera traps captured images of two tigers from Karnataka. Additionally, a tigress and her cubs were photographed in the nearby Mhadei Wildlife Sanctuary, marking the first tiger sightings in Goa since 2013. These observations highlight the significance of the Bhagwan Mahaveer Sanctuary and Mollem National Park as a habitat for a variety of mammalian species, including some that are considered endangered or elusive.
Birds
The Bhagwan Mahaveer Sanctuary and Mollem National Park are home to a variety of bird species, contributing to the rich avian diversity of the region. Among the popular birds that can be observed in the sanctuary are the drongo, emerald dove, fairy bluebird, golden oriole, greater Indian hornbill, Indian black woodpecker, Malabar grey hornbill, Malabar pied hornbill, grey-headed myna, grey jungle fowl, large green barbet, paradise flycatcher, racket-tailed drongo, ruby-throated yellow bulbul (the state bird of Goa), shrikes, three-toed kingfisher, Sri Lanka frogmouth, and wagtails.
Notably, the sanctuary is home to several bird species that are endemic to the Indian subcontinent, particularly in the southern regions. This highlights the importance of the Bhagwan Mahaveer Sanctuary and Mollem National Park as a habitat for a diverse range of birdlife, including species that are unique to the Indian subcontinent.
Butterflies
The Bhagwan Mahaveer Sanctuary and Mollem National Park host a fascinating array of butterfly species, adding to the ecological diversity of the area. Some notable butterfly specimens that can be found in the region include the blue Mormon, common Jezebel, common Mormon, common mime, plum Judy, common wanderer, crimson rose, lime butterfly, plain tiger, southern birdwing, and tailed jay. Among the more common butterflies in the area is the Pygmy scrub-hopper.
Additionally, the sanctuary is home to some endemic butterfly species, such as the Malabar tree nymph and Tamil yeoman. These butterflies contribute to the unique and diverse ecosystem of the Bhagwan Mahaveer Sanctuary and Mollem National Park, making it a notable destination for butterfly enthusiasts and nature lovers.
Reptiles
The Bhagwan Mahaveer Sanctuary and Mollem National Park are renowned for their snake population, with the king cobra being one of the most notable species. Other snakes that inhabit the area include the bronzeback tree snake, cat snake, hump-nosed pit viper, Indian rock python, Malabar pit viper, rat snake, Russell’s viper, Indian cobra, and common krait. The presence of these snake species contributes to the diverse reptilian fauna of the sanctuary, making it an area of interest for those studying or fascinated by snakes and reptiles. Visitors should exercise caution and respect the natural habitat of these creatures when exploring the sanctuary.
Attractions
The Bhagwan Mahaveer Sanctuary and Mollem National Park, being the largest protected area in Goa, boast several attractions that draw visitors. These attractions encompass geological, cultural, and visitor service aspects, contributing to the popularity of this destination.
Tambdi Surla Temple: The Tambdi Surla Temple is a small yet exquisite 12th-century Shiva temple dedicated to Lord Mahadeva. Located 13 km (8.1 mi) east of Bolcornem village in the northern region of the park, it is an active place of worship. Accessible via a single-lane paved road, the temple comprises a garbhagriha, antarala, and a pillared Nandi mandapa constructed from basalt. The intricately carved pillars featuring elephants and chains support a stone ceiling adorned with finely carved lotus flowers of the Ashtoken variety.
Dudhsagar Falls: Dudhsagar Falls, meaning “Sea of Milk,” is a tiered waterfall situated high up on the Mandovi River at the Karnataka border in the southwest part of the park. Standing at 310 m (1,020 ft), it is the tallest waterfall in Goa, the fifth tallest in India, and the 227th tallest in the world. The South Western Railways viaduct passes through the falls, offering a spectacular view. Accessible by a 10 km one-lane dirt road or a hired 4-wheel drive vehicle from Collem Village, reaching the falls during the monsoon season (June to September) is restricted due to dangerous conditions.
Devil’s Canyon: Downstream from Dudhsagar Falls, Devil’s Canyon is an eerie formation of water-carved crevices in solid rock, shaped by serpentine underwater currents. Located just past the Collem entry point, it adds to the mystical allure of the park.
Tambdi Falls: Situated approximately 2 km southwest of Tambdi Surla, near the Karnataka border, Tambdi Falls is another spectacular waterfall, slightly less tall than Dudhsagar Falls. However, it is infrequently visited due to its challenging access involving a steep, winding, and irregular rocky path. Visitors often require a local guide to navigate the terrain.
Sunset Point: Providing a scenic view of the park with an expanse of closed canopy treetops, Sunset Point is accessible by park vehicles hired at the Mollem check-point. The journey involves navigating a zig-zagging road carved from the mountain, offering a breathtaking panorama of the park’s natural beauty.
Thing to do
Wildlife Watching – Embark on guided tours or self-guided hikes to spot diverse wildlife, including mammals like leopards, Bengal tigers, and various species of deer, as well as a rich variety of bird species.
Trekking Adventures – Take advantage of the park’s trekking trails, offering opportunities to explore the natural beauty, encounter wildlife, and visit attractions like Dudhsagar Falls and Tambdi Surla Temple.
Cultural Exploration – Visit Tambdi Surla Temple, a 12th-century Shiva temple with intricate carvings, and explore the cultural and historical significance of the region.
Waterfall Excursions – Experience the awe-inspiring Dudhsagar Falls and Tambdi Falls, either by hiking along the designated trails or hiring 4-wheel drive vehicles for a more adventurous journey.
Nature Photography- Capture the scenic landscapes, diverse flora and fauna, and the geological wonders of the park through nature photography.
Visit Devil’s Canyon – Explore the unique geological formation downstream from Dudhsagar Falls, known as Devil’s Canyon, created by water-carved crevices in solid rock.
Sunset Point Exploration – Take a drive or hire park vehicles to reach Sunset Point, offering a stunning panoramic view of the park with treetops and mountains.
Botanical Discovery – Delve into the diverse plant life within the sanctuary, including endemic and rare species, making it a rewarding experience for botany enthusiasts.
Educational Programs – Participate in educational programs offered by the park authorities to learn about conservation efforts, wildlife preservation, and the importance of biodiversity.
Responsible Tourism – Contribute to the conservation of the park by adhering to responsible tourism practices, respecting wildlife and their habitats, and following park regulations.
Best time to visit
The best time to visit Bhagwan Mahaveer Sanctuary and Mollem National Park is during the non-rainy season, which is from October to March. This is when the weather is pleasant and sunny, making it ideal for outdoor activities like trekking, wildlife watching, and birdwatching. The park is also less crowded during this time, so you’ll have a better chance of spotting wildlife.
Here is a breakdown of the best time to visit based on specific interests:
Wildlife Watching:
- October to March: The best time to see wildlife, as animals are more active during this time due to favorable weather conditions.
Trekking:
- October to March: The trails are dry and less muddy, making for easier and more enjoyable trekking experiences.
Birdwatching:
- October to March: Migratory birds from other parts of India arrive during this time, increasing the diversity of bird species in the sanctuary.
Waterfall Excursions:
- October to March: The waterfalls are at their peak during this time, as the monsoon rains have replenished their water supply.
Nature Photography:
- October to March: The vibrant colors of the flora and the clear skies provide ideal conditions for capturing stunning nature photographs.
Cultural Exploration:
- October to March: The weather is comfortable for visiting historical and cultural sites, such as Tambdi Surla Temple.
Responsible Tourism:
- October to March: Avoiding the rainy season helps minimize the impact on the park’s ecosystem and prevent damage to trails.
Remember to check the park’s website or contact park authorities for any updates on weather conditions, specific opening hours, and any special arrangements or restrictions during your visit.
How To Reach
Bhagwan Mahaveer Sanctuary and Mollem National Park is located in the Dharbandora taluk of Goa State, along the eastern border with Karnataka. It is situated near the town of Molem, 57 kilometers (35 miles) east of Panaji, the state capital of Goa.
By Car:
From Bhubaneswar, Odisha, you can take NH16 to reach Bhagwan Mahaveer Sanctuary and Mollem National Park. The distance is approximately 1,691 kilometers and the driving time is about 1 day and 9 hours.
Here are the directions:
- Start from TCS New Building, Technology Corridor, Chandaka Industrial Estate, Infocity, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751024, India.
- Take NH16 towards NH48.
- Keep left at the fork and continue towards NH48.
- Take exit 10 to merge onto NH48.
- Continue onto NH48.
- Use the left 2 lanes to continue towards NH66.
- Take exit 11 to merge onto NH66.
- Continue onto NH66.
- Take exit 10 to merge onto NH74A.
- Take exit 1 to merge onto NH74A.
- Continue onto NH74A.
- Arrive at 87MQ+H89 Mollem National Park & Bhagwan Mahavir Wildlife Sanctuary, Goa 403410, India.
By Air:
The nearest airport to Bhagwan Mahaveer Sanctuary and Mollem National Park is Goa International Airport (GOI), which is located about 70 kilometers (43 miles) from the park. You can take a taxi or rent a car from the airport to reach the park.
By Train:
The nearest railway station to Bhagwan Mahaveer Sanctuary and Mollem National Park is Londa Junction railway station, which is located about 100 kilometers (62 miles) from the park. You can take a taxi or rent a car from the railway station to reach the park.
Once you arrive at Bhagwan Mahaveer Sanctuary and Mollem National Park, you can explore the park by foot, by bicycle, or by jeep. There are a number of trekking trails in the park, and you can also go birdwatching, wildlife watching, and swimming in the waterfalls.
Here are some additional tips for planning your trip to Bhagwan Mahaveer Sanctuary and Mollem National Park:
- The best time to visit the park is during the dry season, which is from October to March.
- The park is open from 9:00 am to 5:00 pm.
- There is an entrance fee to the park.
- You can hire a guide to help you explore the park.
- There are a number of lodges and resorts located near the park.
Conclusion
Bhagwan Mahaveer Sanctuary and Mollem National Park are a treasure trove of natural beauty and cultural heritage. Nestled amidst the lush greenery of the Western Ghats, they offer a diverse array of attractions for visitors seeking adventure, tranquility, and a connection with nature. From cascading waterfalls and verdant forests to ancient temples and diverse wildlife, these protected areas provide a glimpse into the rich biodiversity and cultural tapestry of Goa. Whether you’re an avid trekker, a passionate naturalist, or simply seeking a peaceful retreat, Bhagwan Mahaveer Sanctuary and Mollem National Park promise an unforgettable experience.
FAQ
Bhagwan Mahaveer Sanctuary and Mollem National Park is a protected area located in the Western Ghats of Goa, India. It is home to a diverse array of flora and fauna, including leopards, Bengal tigers, elephants, and gaur. The park also contains a number of historical and cultural sites, such as the Tambdi Surla Temple.
Sure, here are at least 10 FAQs about Bhagwan Mahaveer Sanctuary and Mollem National Park:
General FAQs
1. What is Bhagwan Mahaveer Sanctuary and Mollem National Park?
Bhagwan Mahaveer Sanctuary and Mollem National Park is a protected area located in the Western Ghats of Goa, India. It is home to a diverse array of flora and fauna, including leopards, Bengal tigers, elephants, and gaur. The park also contains a number of historical and cultural sites, such as the Tambdi Surla Temple.
2. Where is Bhagwan Mahaveer Sanctuary and Mollem National Park located?
Bhagwan Mahaveer Sanctuary and Mollem National Park is located in the Dharbandora taluk of Goa State, along the eastern border with Karnataka. It is situated near the town of Molem, 57 kilometers (35 miles) east of Panaji, the state capital of Goa.
The best time to visit Bhagwan Mahaveer Sanctuary and Mollem National Park is during the dry season, which is from October to March. This is when the weather is pleasant and sunny, making it ideal for outdoor activities like trekking, wildlife watching, and birdwatching.
You can reach Bhagwan Mahaveer Sanctuary and Mollem National Park by car, train, or air. The nearest airport is Goa International Airport (GOI), which is located about 70 kilometers (43 miles) from the park. The nearest railway station is Londa Junction railway station, which is located about 100 kilometers (62 miles) from the park.
The park is open from 9:00 am to 5:00 pm.
Yes, there is an entrance fee to the park.
Yes, you can hire a guide to help you explore the park.
Yes, there are a number of lodges and resorts located near the park.
The park is home to a diverse array of wildlife, including leopards, Bengal tigers, elephants, gaur, and many species of birds.
Yes, you can go on a wildlife safari in the park. Jeep safaris are available, and you can also hire a guide to take you on a walking safari.